Key Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

With the growth in global energy demand and increasing environmental protection requirements, perovskite solar cells have become a research hotspot due to their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. Its low-cost and easy-to-prepare characteristics can reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation and expand the popularization of clean energy. High light absorption efficiency can increase the power generation per unit area and alleviate the constraints of land resources. After solving the stability issue, traditional silicon-based batteries can be supplemented or even partially replaced, enriching the clean energy system and accelerating the transformation of the energy structure towards low-carbon. This paper uses literature analysis and review methods to explore the factors affecting their efficiency and stability: the chemical composition (A, B, X ions) determines the photovoltaic performance, while humidity, temperature, oxygen, and light exposure can cause material decomposition, film quality degradation, and reduced efficiency. Research indicates that performance can be enhanced by adjusting material structure and optimizing operating conditions. In the future, once stability issues are resolved, their application prospects in the energy sector are vast, with the potential to drive the development of clean energy.