Migration and refugee: historical aspect of the study

Migration is one of the oldest and at the same time the most relevant phenomena that accompanies humanity from its inception to the present. Migration not only ensured the survival of humanity in antiquity, but also shaped the modern global civilization. The study of its development at different historical stages allows us to understand not only the mechanisms of population movements, its migration movements as a result of natural, political, social, demographic, religious factors, etc. The article considers the evolution of migration processes in different periods of human development – from the first movements of proto-humans to global migration challenges of our time. The author analyzes the main types of migrations that were inherent in each historical epoch and outlines the key migration flows. It is expressed that the study of migration at different stages of human development is due to the fact that it not only explains the past, but also provides tools for finding new solutions in a globalized world. It is noted that modern migration processes associated with the challenges of the XXI century (military conflicts, climate change, political and religious differences, social inequality, mass displacement of the population, etc.) require a theoretical rethinking of the accumulated experience and practical implementation of the updated coordinated migration policy of the world society. The need for a multifaceted study of migration, taking into account social, economic, political, demographic, psychological, cultural aspects, has been proven.