Social alienation of the individual as a cornerstone problem of today: a theoretical analysis of the concept

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the concept of “social alienation of the individual” as one of the cornerstone problems of modern times. It is noted that under the conditions of globalization, digitalization, military conflicts, economic instability, and mass migration, the feeling of isolation, loneliness, and alienation is increasing among representatives of various social groups. It is revealed that the concept of “social alienation” appears as a multidimensional phenomenon that combines socio-psychological and socio-cultural characteristics and significantly affects the level of social capital and social cohesion. A review of scientific studies by domestic and foreign researchers is provided, who considered alienation both as a process and a state that has constructive as well as destructive consequences for the individual and society. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between the concepts of “alienation” and “alienatedness”: the former is interpreted as a process of separation, which can fulfill both positive and negative functions, while the latter is understood as a state of the individual, predominantly a negative consequence of this process. It is clarified that in modern scientific discourse, social alienatedness is interpreted as a complex socio-psychological state associated with a deficit of social interaction, low involvement in public life, lack of emotional support, and the experience of loneliness. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of this phenomenon is emphasized, as it affects psychological, sociological, cultural, and pedagogical aspects. The factors that determine the emergence of social alienation of the individual are characterized. It is noted that understanding the differences between the concepts of “social alienation” and “social alienatedness” is essential for clarifying the categorical apparatus of modern social work and for developing practical strategies for preventing and overcoming this phenomenon.