Pathways of Non-Salient Factors Affecting Attention in Human-Computer Interaction

Subtle environmental stimuli, such as micro-animations, color hierarchy imbalances, and low-level background noise, can unconsciously shape user attention and cognitive load. Despite their ubiquity in digital interfaces, these non-salient factors remain underexplored in current Human-Computer Interaction research. This study employs literature review and case analysis to analyze neural correlates (e.g., frontal alpha oscillations), behavioral indicators (e.g., mouse trajectories, reaction times), and subjective self-reports (e.g., mind-wandering). The paper outlines multi-dimensional pathways through which attention is subtly eroded. This paper aims to introduce the dynamic interaction mechanism between environment, user, and task association, and explain the path by which non-salient factors influence user attention. The review further explores adaptable measures in interface design, providing strategies for both general users and vulnerable groups such as individuals with ADHD and the elderly. This study provides certain theoretical guidance and methodological reference for Human-Computer Interaction design.