Research on PID-Based Constant Current-Constant Voltage Transition Control Techniques for Lithium Battery Chargers

To address the challenge of smooth constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) transitions in lithium battery charging, this paper investigates recent studies on PID control applications. Thus, it highlights PID-based CC-CV transition techniques for lithium battery chargers and details their improvements, constraints, and future directions. Though recent literature on lithium battery charging characteristics, core control requirements, PID control theory, Buck converter modeling, and transition architecture evolution has been reviewed and analyzed, this study further provides a comprehensive summary and comparison of the design, implementation, and optimization of PID control in CC-CV charging systems. The results reveal that PID control, valued for its simplicity and ease of implementation, remains central but struggles with parameter tuning and robustness under complex conditions. Key improvements include enhancing hysteresis transition methods with anti-windup techniques, adopting smooth transition schemes through fuzzy PID adaptive control and state observers, and advancing multi-objective strategies to optimize efficiency and thermal management. Future progress depends on interdisciplinary efforts like machine learning-based parameter tuning, high-frequency control using wide-bandgap semiconductors, and broader adoption in wireless charging applications.