Systemic approach as a methodology for social work with vulnerable categories of the population in wartime and post-war reconstruction

The systems approach in social work emerges as a key methodology that enables a holistic understanding of complex social phenomena, the interrelations between elements of the social environment, and the needs of vulnerable population groups. In the context of armed conflict and post-war recovery, its significance increases as these processes trigger profound structural changes in society, destabilize traditional forms of support, and complicate access to resources and social services. The essence of the systems approach lies in viewing the client of social work not in isolation, but as part of a complex interactive system (family, community, institutions, social context), while the social work system itself is understood as a set of interrelated structural elements (goals, tasks, principles, subjects and objects of social work, environment – both internal and external – and conditions of interaction, technologies of social work defined by specific forms and methods, means, and outcomes). It facilitates the development of comprehensive support programs tailored to the real conditions and needs of specific social groups: internally displaced persons, veterans, individuals with traumatic experiences, orphans, persons with disabilities, etc. In the post-war period, the systems approach supports the coordination of cross-sectoral interaction – between government bodies, local communities, and international partners. It assists in developing strategies for the restoration of social capital, the reproduction of life resources, and the creation of conditions for the integration and reintegration of affected individuals. The methodology of the systems approach provides not only solutions to urgent challenges but also contributes to the formation of sustainable models of social functioning in the long-term perspective.