Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Their Exosomes: Functional Roles and Microenvironmental Impact

Exosomes are nanosized phospholipid bilayer vesicles secreted by various cells, rich in bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which play important roles in intercellular communication and microenvironmental regulation. In recent years, T cell-derived exosomes have become a hotspot in tumor immunity research due to their immune specificity and functional diversity. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties of T cell-derived exosomes and their functional effects on tumor cells. T cell-derived exosomes were activated and isolated in vitro, and their particle size distribution, marker protein expression and cellular uptake ability were verified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blot and confocal imaging. Functional experiments showed that T-cell exosomes can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, suggesting that they have potential anti-tumor activity. This study provides experimental basis and theoretical support for the application of T-cell exosomes in tumor immunotherapy and expands its research horizons in the field of precision medicine.