A Novel Controller for Fuel Cell Generators Based on CAN Bus

The novel design and modular implementation of a distributed control system for a fuel cell generator, aimed at monitoring and actuation, are presented. Two ESP32 NodeMCU microcontrollers and MCP2515 modules are used for the controller area network (CAN) bus communication protocol. To compare this setup with a traditional battery management system (BMS), small rated-power fuel cell generators were connected individually via the CAN bus to form a larger stacked output. An RFID interface was introduced into the CAN bus system to enhance its applicability in stacked fuel cells, without interfering with original message frames, arbitration mechanisms, or CRC efficiency across various sectors. Additionally, to provide a clearer understanding of the system’s features and functions, a PC-based logic analyzer was employed as an analytical tool to monitor and analyze data transmitted over the CAN bus. Comprehensive insights into the system’s performance are supported by logic analysis of its complex applications in series-connected fuel cells. The advantages of the RFID-based CAN bus are further enhanced by modern communication protocols, offering greater scalability and flexibility, with potential applications in industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and smart green power grids.