Facial video photoplethysmography for measuring average and quasi-instantaneous heart rate: a pilot validation study

In predominantly young, white, seated subjects, the tested vPPG technology provided highly accurate HR measurements, both when the values were averaged over 60 s and in the case of short-term values averaged over 10 s or quasi-instantaneous values averaged over 4 s. To our knowledge, this is the first study on vPPG technology to examine quasi-instantaneous HR measurements (averaged over periods shorter than 5 s). The results should be confirmed in a larger study with greater diversity in age, skin tone, and lighting conditions.