The Role of Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP in Controlling the Virulence of Bacterial Pathogens in Animals, Phytopathogens, and Plant Mutualists

According to the information available today, all types of microorganisms have common mechanisms for regulating the activity of virulence factors by the secondary messenger cAMP. They have been studied best in human and animal pathogens. At the same time, microorganisms that differ in specialization and habitat conditions, such as phytopathogens and mutualists, have mechanisms controlled by cAMP and adenylate cyclases that are fundamentally different from those in animal pathogens. The level of study of these processes in microorganisms of different specializations is uneven. This review attempts to systematize the available literature data and conduct a comparative analysis.