Of scents and cytokines: How olfactory and food aversions relate to nausea and immunomodulation in early pregnancy
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that gestational changes in olfactory and gustatory experience, and nausea and vomiting, reflect adaptive upregulation of behavioral prophylaxis in ways that could protect the fetus. If this elevated Th1:Th2 ratio and pro-inflammatory phenotype are part of the maternal and embryonic response to embryogenesis, the behavioral and biological markers that we explore may provide an accessible index of fetal development during early pregnancy.
Authors
- Daniel M. T. Fessler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7795-7500)
- Kyle S. Wiley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-9561)
- Dayoon Kwon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-8508)
- David A. Coall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-2683)
- Delaney A. Knorr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5105-8742)
- Julie Sartori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-2122)
- Molly Fox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9219-8971)
Institutions
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- California NanoSystems Institute (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Neurobehavioral Systems (US)
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Evolution Medicine and Public Health
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaf016
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.76
Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Center for the Study of Women, University of California, Los Angeles