Potential for the use of SAF in internal combustion piston engines

This review examines the feasibility of using Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) in internal combustion piston engines. It analyzes major SAF types and pathways, combustion and emission characteristics, material compatibility, certification frameworks, and economic considerations. The findings confirm that paraffinic SAFs (e.g. HEFA, FT) are suitable drop-in fuels for compression-ignition engines, offering lower emissions and compatibility with existing systems. Spark-ignition engines remain limited by octane requirements. The review concludes that SAF can significantly reduce environmental impact in piston-engine applications, though full deployment is constrained by cost, certification, and fuel availability.