OPTOELECTRONIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS FOR MOVING OBJECTS UNDER ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

This paper analyzes the prospects for the use of optoelectronic technologies in the navigation and positioning of moving objects, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), under conditions of limited or absent access to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. Given the increasing vulnerability of conventional radio-frequency systems to electromagnetic interference, such as jamming, spoofing, or natural obstructions, the demand for alternative and interference-resilient channels for navigation data transmission has become critical. One promising approach to addressing this challenge is the use of optical communication channels for navigation and positioning, operating within the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. The study examines optoelectronic optical communication technologies that can be applied to the positioning of moving objects, including free-space optical communication, visible light communication (VLC) based on LEDs, indoor navigation using emitting optical points (“optical point”), and guided fiber-optic systems. A comparative analysis of their technical characteristics, advantages, limitations, and the feasibility of implementation within the Ukrainian industrial infrastructure is provided. The results indicate that optoelectronic systems based on visible and near-infrared LED emitters have the greatest potential for widespread application in Ukraine, as they rely on accessible components and require no complex infrastructure for deployment. Due to their high accuracy, energy efficiency, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, optoelectronic navigation systems can ensure autonomous positioning in specialized environments, including underground facilities and highly urbanized areas. Optical positioning systems with optimized signal modulation algorithms and onboard hardware-accelerated artificial intelligence (AI) processors provide precise localization without GNSS, offering scalability, high autonomy, and a viable alternative to radio-frequency methods in challenging conditions. The strategic rationale for the development of optoelectronic navigation infrastructure in Ukraine is substantiated.