Key Competencies, Teaching Instruments Specific to S.T.E.M. and Holistic Development in Primary School Education

S.T.E.M. competencies (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) represent a fundamental need of the current moment, given that they represent a form of basic literacy that involves knowledge, skills, and abilities in the six fundamental areas for the development and shaping of perspectives that support innovative talents. Primary school teachers must have a consistent academic preparation in order to be able to develop STEM competencies. In this paper, we have described how primary school teachers can use tools in educational contexts that can favor the emergence and development of children's potential to learn scientifically and explore the specifics of S.T.E.M. domains. The tools that facilitate the entire process of forming these acquisitions are important. Depending on the teaching skills of each teacher, the most appropriate tools for developing STEM skills can be selected. The process of selecting the most appropriate tools for developing STEM skills is not an easy one for teachers. To support primary school teachers, we have structured for each type of S.T.E.M. competence some of the tools that can be used to develop the ability to solve problems, critical thinking, creative thinking, and the ability to analyze or observe, with examples of the use of some of them. Also, in addition, we have made connections between S.T.E.M. competencies and the specific dimensions of a holistic development of the child. The most harmonious development of a balanced and adaptable personality of the child, future adult, can be achieved by applying an integrated model of holistic development that targets at least five dimensions: cognitive, social, emotional, physical, and spiritual. This integrated approach helps to recognize and understand the complexity of child development. All dimensions are interconnected, and, therefore, it is important that the education and support offered to children be in a holistic and balanced manner. In this paper, we have referred to each dimension, focusing on how S.T.E.M. education can contribute to the development of each of them.