Premature placental abruption of a normally located placenta: morphological architecture of the placenta

Introduction . Premature placental abruption (PPA) is the leading cause of obstetric bleeding with pathological and massive blood loss, critical obstetric conditions in women, fetal death, and newborn disability. The aim of the study . To study the features of placental morphology in patients with complicated pregnancy and childbirth with PPA.Research material and methods. A prospective study was conducted in the period 2021- 2024. The results of a clinical and laboratory examination of 84 pregnant women, as well as the characteristics of their labor and the morphological examination of their placentas, were analyzed. The main group consisted of patients whose labor was complicated by PPROM, n=42, while the comparison group included women without PPROM complications, n=42. A descriptive method was used to assess the qualitative characteristics of the placentas. The morphological examination of the placentas was conducted using electron microscopy. Results . The article provides a comparative analysis of the macroscopic and ultra-morphological structure of the placenta in cases of PPROM and without it. The characteristic feature of the placenta structure in cases of PPROM is the presence of destruction of the syncytiotrophoblast cell architecture, which leads to acute placental insufficiency. This, along with bleeding, is an indication for emergency abdominal delivery in the interests of both the mother and the fetus.