The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of cardiovascular disease between females and males, 1990–2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study
The global burden of CVD is substantially higher in males compared with females, particularly for ischemic heart disease. While primary risk factors are shared, males show a greater burden from tobacco use and elevated LDL cholesterol.
Authors
- Xianbao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-9198)
- Changzheng Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-8752)
- Jian’An Wang
- Jiaqi Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-9026)
- Litao Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3572-0131)
- Jun Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1494-1418)
Institutions
- Harvard University (US)
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province (CN)
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (CN)
- Molecular Devices (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Surgery
- Published
- 2025-09-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1097/js9.0000000000003397
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.76