Evaluating the Fairness of Michelin Star Ratings as Indicators of Restaurants’ ESG Performance and Sustainable Culinary Quality

This study quantitatively analyzes how fairly the Michelin Guide’s star ratings reflect restaurants’ ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) management and sustainable gastronomy quality. Using open access data, the research statistically examines the relationships between Michelin stars and Green Stars (sustainability certification), as well as the effects of various factors such as price, region, descriptions, facilities, and menus. The results show that restaurants with the Green Star certification are more likely to receive higher star ratings. Still, this tendency is mainly concentrated among high end restaurants, and there is significant inequality across regions and price levels. While eco-friendly keywords, facilities, and menu items are effective in earning the Green Star, they have a limited impact on star ratings. Although Michelin still holds considerable authority, the study concludes that true fairness requires the official expansion of ESG criteria and improvements in the transparency and balance of the evaluation system.