In-line Quality Inspection for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing via 3D Scanning

This study introduces an in-line inspection method for extrusion-based additive manufacturing (FDM) 3D printers that integrate a three-dimensional laser scanner (3D scanner). It allows to perform precise contactless geometric measurements from a distance without interrupting the 3D printing process. The study covers three case studies: parallelepipeds, cylindrical features and complex gear geometries for detecting geometric deviations. Automation solutions, such as the creation of virtual planes, are presented for repetitive inspections. The results highlight the practical benefits and limitations of the system, inspection software functionality, and opportunities for integration with artificial intelligence and adaptive, real-time geometry correction, temperature shrinkage compensation.