Design and Analysis of Compact Array Antenna for 5G and Radar Applications

A series fed patch array antenna for 3.5 GHz band applications is presented in this paper. The upper and bottom layers of the planar structure contain the feeding network and radiating elements respectively. In this manner, the antenna achieves a high radiation gain with small dimensions. Given the rising demand for compact, high-gain antennas capable of delivering sectoral coverage, fan-beam arrays have emerged as a viable solution due to their ability to offer wide azimuthal beamwidth and efficient radiation characteristics. This configuration enhances the overall compactness of the design while effectively isolating the feed network, reducing unwanted interference, and improving radiation efficiency. In this paper, the performance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1 \times 4$</tex> array antenna with respect to single element antenna is analyzed. The frequency range in which the antenna operates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$3.24-3.68 \text{GHz}$</tex>. It also examines various design approaches, including multi-layer structures and innovative feeding techniques that enhance performance in terms of gain, efficiency, and back-radiation reduction.