Frequency Regulation using an Optimal Control Approach in Isolated Microgrids Penetrated with Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles

This study aims to address the challenges of frequency regulation in modern microgrids and propose an optimal control strategy to maintain stable operation in the presence of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources. To bridge existing research gaps, this work introduces a linear quadratic control scheme for frequency regulation in isolated microgrids by integrating solar power, wind generation, and electric vehicles. The convergence of the proposed scheme is analyzed and optimized using the Lyapunov theorem and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by evaluating the impact of different levels of renewable energy penetration and EV participation on system stability through comprehensive MATLAB simulation analysis. The proposed scheme effectively mitigates frequency reductions caused by high levels of wind, solar and EV power penetration in the MG system, achieving satisfactory performance.