Design and Analysis of Metamaterial Based Broadband U-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 6G Applications

The growing need for faster data speeds and reduced delays in wireless communication has spurred interest in terahertz (THz) frequencies for upcoming sixth-generation (6G) networks. Metamaterials (MTMs) are essential in overcoming key challenges such as limited bandwidth, device miniaturization, signal dispersion, absorption losses, beam steering, polarization management, security, and advanced antenna development for THz communication. Their unique capability to control electromagnetic waves at the nanoscale makes them crucial for advancing THz technology. This study explores the design and evaluation of a new broadband Ushaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array enhanced with metamaterials, optimized for 6 G THz applications using HFSS software. It outlines the development of the U-shaped microstrip antenna and the integration of a split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial, along with key simulation findings. By embedding MTM structures into the antenna array, the proposed design achieves efficient electromagnetic wave manipulation at THz frequencies. Designed for 6G communication with a resonant frequency of 0.15 THz, the Ushaped MPA array with a double-layer square SRR significantly outperforms its counterpart without the SRR, achieving enhanced gain, reduced VSWR, and minimized return loss.