DP-MPC Energy Optimization Strategy for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Standard Operating Conditions

To address issues in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power systems such as passive power allocation, multi-time scale dynamic mismatches, and conflicts between economy and durability, This paper integrates the collaborative architecture of Dynamic Programming and Model Predictive Control (DP-MPC) to achieve energy optimization. A hybrid power system model consisting of a hydrogen fuel cell, lithium battery, and supercapacitor is constructed. The fuel cell provides the basic power, the lithium battery balances medium - and long - term power fluctuations, and the supercapacitor handles instantaneous power demands and energy recovery. Simulation results under the WLTP standard driving cycle (low-speed segment) show that, compared with the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), the proposed strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 9.97%, effectively decreases the power fluctuations of the fuel cell, and improves the State of Charge (SOC) recovery ability of the lithium battery. While reducing energy consumption, it also delays the fuel cell performance degradation. This strategy offers an efficient solution that balances economy and durability for the energy management of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.