KEY POINTS FOR IMPLEMENTING CRITICAL THINKING TECHNOLOGY: LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

The article discusses the problem of developing critical thinking as one of the key competencies of modern students in the context of globalisation challenges, socio-economic transformations and an unstable educational process in Ukraine. It is determined that critical thinking, initiated in the pedagogical tradition of J. Dewey and developed in the works of M. Lipman, became a leading educational concept in the second half of the 20th century, aimed at transforming the educational process from passive acquisition of knowledge to the formation of an autonomous, independently thinking and socially responsible personality. The publication analyses domestic scientific research and traces the adaptation of global achievements to the specifics of Ukrainian schools. It summarises the theoretical basis of the concept of ‘critical thinking’ as interpreted by foreign and Ukrainian researchers and emphasises its importance in the system of 21st-century competencies. It has been determined that the development of critical thinking in Ukrainian language and literature classes is one of the strategic directions for the modernisation of national schools, as it ensures the integration of the educational process with the real-life needs of students, shapes their readiness to make decisions in conditions of uncertainty, and contributes to the formation of individuals capable of functioning effectively in an information society. The research indicates that the introduction of critical thinking techniques in Ukrainian literature classes will contribute to a deeper understanding of literary texts, the formation of personal reading motivation, and the development of skills to analyse and interpret works through the prism of worldview context. In Ukrainian language classes, critical thinking will ensure not only the acquisition of knowledge, but also the development of communicative competence, flexibility of thinking and intellectual independence, which meets the requirements of modern education and social demands.