High-performance multiband terahertz nanoantenna for advanced wireless nanocommunications

Abstract This article presents a novel multiband, biocompatible MIMO nanoantenna for terahertz applications, designed to address the growing demand for faster data transfer rates in future wireless nanocommunications systems. The design process began with a foundational single-element antenna (157.12 × 184.40 × 11 μ m 3 ) constructed from a gold patch and ground on a PTFE substrate. This initial element, resonating at 1.041, 1.602, 2.199, and 2.814 THz, was subsequently expanded into a two-port MIMO structure (157.12 × 276.60 × 11 μ m 3 ) to enhance channel capacity. The proposed MIMO nanoantenna operates nearly at the same frequencies as the single-element nanoantenna. Still, it delivers better performance, achieving a significantly higher channel capacity (up to 1.163 Tbps at 1.044 THz) and gain (up to 9.06 dBi at 2.214 THz). Furthermore, the MIMO system demonstrates excellent diversity performance, with an ECC close to zero and a consistently high DG of 9.999 dB—indicating effective signal fading mitigation and enhanced reliability. The proposed nanoantennas prove highly effective for multiband operations up to 3 THz, demonstrating significant potential for various advanced applications. These include low-power 6G communications, high-resolution terahertz imaging, in-vivo biomedical sensing, and other high-speed nanoscale communication systems.