Institutional factors and sectoral structure as determinants of the effectiveness of regional tax preferences

The article examines the influence of institutional factors and industry structure on the effectiveness of regional tax preferences in the Russian Federation in the period 2020-2024. The methodological basis is a comprehensive approach, including correlation analysis, assessment of the elasticity of tax revenues, cluster and regression analysis of data from 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The study revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in the effectiveness of tax instruments due to the quality of the institutional environment and industry specialization of the regions. It was found that a formal reduction in the tax burden does not guarantee the achievement of economic effects without the development of institutional infrastructure. Regions with a diversified economic base demonstrate more sustainable results of tax incentives compared to mono-specialized territories. Correlation analysis showed an increase in the synchronous dynamics of the gross regional product and the tax burden (r ≈ 0.867), which indicates an increase in the consistency of tax measures at various levels of government. The industry differentiation of the tax burden was revealed from 4.9% in the agro-industrial complex to 46.2% in the extractive industries, reflecting the policy of stimulating non-resource sectors while maintaining the effective extraction of natural rent [1]. The results of the study substantiate the need to form a balanced system of tax incentives that takes into account the institutional capabilities of the territories and their industry specifics.