Toward Dual‐Function Nanoparticle Platforms for Arboviral Diagnostics and Vaccines: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects

ABSTRACT Arboviral infections pose a persistent global health threat, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Current diagnostic and vaccine strategies remain fragmented, often hindered by delayed detection, limited sensitivity, and slow vaccine rollout. Nanotechnology has provided a potential solution through highly sensitive biosensors and promising vaccine delivery platforms. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of nanoparticle (NP)‐based biosensor and nanovaccine platforms for arboviral detection and vaccination with a focus on their design principles, performance metrics, and translational potential. By comparative assessment of the case studies analyzed for each arbovirus, top candidates of NPs, including gold NPs (AuNPs), zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanocomposite, and lipid NPs (LNPs) were recognized as gold standards for combination‐bioactivity characterization. Although there is no single dual‐function platform presented in published literature, we report here the synthesis of evidence to support a novel paradigm: a universal nanoplatform with the potential for early viral detection and immune stimulation. Such an integrated system could revolutionize outbreak control through point‐of‐care diagnosis and simultaneous immunization, an especially crucial stride for resource‐limited, coendemic regions. This dual‐function design approach has the added benefit of bridging a crucial gap in current diagnostic capabilities and prevention and further serves as a foundation for next‐generation nanoenabled public health‐tested tools for rapid response and sustained protection against arboviral threats.