An encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks

To solve the problems of existing encrypted traffic classification methods, such as the need for large-scale training data, high computational costs, and poor generalization ability, an encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks was proposed. This method first utilizes an autoencoder to recon-struct the dataset, enabling it to work with smaller-scale datasets. The autoencoder allows shorter traffic flows to learn abstract feature representations from longer traffic flows of the same type, replacing zeros and mitigating the negative effects of zero-padding on traffic classification when using uniform flow lengths. After reconstruction, a convolutional neural network is used to classify the traffic. Due to its characteristics of parameter sharing and local connectivity, the CNN exhibits strong generalization ability when handling tasks, allowing it to better adapt to samples outside of the training data. Experimental results show that, compared to existing advanced methods, this method can achieve a classi-fication accuracy improvement of 2.86% to 18.13%, while also demonstrating greater robustness compared to other advanced methods. The code is available at https://github.com/han20011019/AECCN.

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Publication Details

Journal
PLoS ONE
Published
2025-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333276
Primary Topic
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Type
article
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article

An encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks

Yijie Bai, Jijie Han, Jianbo Wang, Shengwei Xu
PLoS ONE
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
article

An encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks

Yijie Bai, Jijie Han, Jianbo Wang, Shengwei Xu
article en

Abstract

To solve the problems of existing encrypted traffic classification methods, such as the need for large-scale training data, high computational costs, and poor generalization ability, an encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks was proposed. This method first utilizes an autoencoder to recon-struct the dataset, enabling it to work with smaller-scale datasets. The autoencoder allows shorter traffic flows to learn abstract feature representations from longer traffic flows of the same type, replacing zeros and mitigating the negative effects of zero-padding on traffic classification when using uniform flow lengths. After reconstruction, a convolutional neural network is used to classify the traffic. Due to its characteristics of parameter sharing and local connectivity, the CNN exhibits strong generalization ability when handling tasks, allowing it to better adapt to samples outside of the training data. Experimental results show that, compared to existing advanced methods, this method can achieve a classi-fication accuracy improvement of 2.86% to 18.13%, while also demonstrating greater robustness compared to other advanced methods. The code is available at https://github.com/han20011019/AECCN.

PLoS ONEVol. 20(9)
Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 86%
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
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An encrypted traffic classification method based on autoencoders and convolutional neural networks — Yijie Bai, Jijie Han, et al. · PLoS ONE (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS