Antenna-on-Display With EH ₁ -Mode Wide Spatial Beam Scanning for User-Centric Sensing and Vehicle-to-Everything Communication

This article presents the first reported leaky-wave antenna (LWA) concept and displays-integrated solution for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications. Despite via-less, single-layer, and extremely thin substrate, leaky wave antenna-on-display (LWAoD) achieves a wide band wideangle beam-scanning characteristics. The grid-shaped structure is initially designed for EH1-mode radiation and optimized with bending angle <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">αα'</i> In addition, cross patch and slit structures ensure stable gain and improved impedance matching. Due to high sheet resistance, unit cell optimization method is proposed for balancing the cumulative resistance termination situated at the end of the devised LWAoD and antenna performance. The 1-D LWAoD is fabricated and achieves a wide scanning angle of -48° to +45° across 22 – 38 GHz. Based on the LWAoD elements, the 1- D linear array is expanded and exemplified to validate 2-D frequency-phase scanning (FS/PS) mode capability, which is key requirement for ISAC applications. Experimental results show that the 3-dB scanning angles in the E-plane are approximately ±60° at 28 GHz, with sidelobe levels below -10 dB and crosspolarization levels below -15 dB. By addressing core limitations of current ISAC antennas, this solution establishes a new concept for compact, high-performance solutions providing for integrated radar, communication and jamming applications for display integrated vehicle display panel.