A Distributed Computing Perspective: Unveiling Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing with Their Protocols and Applications

In the era of smart sensors and connected devices, distributed computing has become crucial for efficient data management and real-time decision-making also Distributed computing transforms IoT with real-time, scalable, and efficient solutions. The paper explores the distributed computing paradigms of Edge, Fog, and Cloud computing, emphasizing their role in enabling seamless data transfer, scalability, and energy-efficient operations in IoT environments. It addresses accurate and efficient data processing, the suitability of paradigms for real-world use, and the role of communication protocols in secure, reliable data exchange. The study presents a comparative analysis of distributed paradigms, highlighting their frameworks, challenges, and practical use cases. It also examines issues like heterogeneity, accuracy, scalability, and energy efficiency, offering insights to enhance IoT ecosystems with efficient, scalable, and reliable sensor-driven applications.