Performance Analysis of Hybrid DCF-FBG Dispersion Compensation Techniques in Optical Networks

Chromatic dispersion is a critical challenge in high-speed optical communication systems, leading to signal distortion and reduced performance over long transmission distances. A real-time adaptive dispersion compensation approach using a hybrid mechanism combining Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF)and Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) offers an effective solution to address this issue. Comparative studies demonstrate that hybrid DCF-FBG systems effectively address these limitations, achieving up to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$95\%$</tex> compensation efficiency while reducing system nonlinearity and improving BER performance. However, traditional hybrid configurations are static and cannot adapt to real-time variations in network conditions. In this paper, the transmission system has been evaluated based on various parameters using the OptiSystem 7.0 simulator. The performance of the three dispersion compensation techniques is compared in terms of four key parameters: Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER), Eye Height, and Threshold Value, all analyzed at the receiver end. The comparison of dispersion compensation techniques—DCF, FBG, and DCF-FBG hybrid—shows that hybrid compensation offers the best signal quality and efficiency, achieving the highest Q-factor (10.4526 dB) and optimized threshold value (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$3.67807 \mathrm{e}-007$</tex>). DCF compensation follows with a Q-factor of (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{9. 5 4 7 1} \text{~ d B}$</tex>), while FBG compensation has the lowest <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(7.8047 ~\text{dB})$</tex>.