Synthesis and properties of (LaO)2SO4–LaAl1−xFexO3 nanoceramic composites: photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications

Abstract The objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate the multifunctional properties of (LaO) 2 SO 4 –LaAl 1−x Fe x O 3 nanoceramic composites, with particular focus on their photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. The composite system was successfully prepared via a modified sol–gel method. Fe doping led to a reduction in the band gap energy from 3.53 eV (undoped) to 3.07 eV (x = 0.15), thereby enhancing light absorption. The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed an increase in particle size and agglomeration with the addition of iron (Fe). In contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed greater porosity and improved particle uniformity in doped samples. The sample with x = 0.15 demonstrated optimal photocatalytic activity, achieving 99% degradation of sulfamethazine after 60 min under UV–Vis irradiation. The predominant oxidizing species involved were H + and O 2 •− , and the material demonstrated excellent cycle stability. Furthermore, Fe incorporation significantly enhanced antimicrobial performance against various of microbial strains. These findings suggest that the synthesized nanocomposites are promising candidates for applications in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial coatings.