Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus: A case series and literature review

Background. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious neurological condition that has been associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While the relationship between GBS and HCV remains complex, underlying neuroimmune mechanisms such as molecular mimicry and immune dysregulation may contribute to this association. So far, its association with GBS has been reported in only about six case studies. Case presentation. We report three cases of GBS in the context of HCV. The first involved recurrent severe GBS linked to chronic active HCV, requiring multiple intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatments with gradual improvement. The second case described recurrent GBS with chronic active HCV reactivation, showing partial response to IVIg. The third case involved acute GBS with evidence of active HCV, stabilizing with IVIg and supportive care. Conclusions. These cases highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of GBS associated with HCV. Screening for HCV in recurrent or severe GBS and a multidisciplinary approach integrating immunomodulation and antiviral therapy are crucial to optimize outcomes.