Synthesis of TiO₂-SiO₂ composite photocatalyst for efficient dye decolorization using a custom-built photocatalytic reactor

This study addresses the urgent need for effective industrial wastewater treatment by developing a sustainable photocatalytic system. A TiO₂-SiO₂ composite photocatalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method and applied for dye decolorization in a custom-designed photocatalytic reactor. In contrast to other designs, the reactor's U-shaped circulation system, pump, and wastewater reservoir improve UV light exposure area and photocatalytic efficiency. The performance of the reactor was evaluated and compared with a conventional laboratory reactor, demonstrating comparable efficacy. A 1:1.5 solution-to-catalyst ratio achieved complete decolorization of dye within 30 minutes. We also report the synthesis and application of a TiO₂-SiO₂ composite photocatalyst for dye decolorization. The photocatalyst, with anatase-phase TiO₂ uniformly dispersed over SiO₂. Photocatalytic activity was optimized at a 25% TiO₂ loading, which exhibited superior performance under UV irradiation. This work highlights the potential of TiO₂-SiO₂ composites and engineered reactors in promoting cost-effective and eco-friendly wastewater treatment technologies, supporting cleaner industrial practices. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 60(3), 203-212, 2025