Molar-incisor hypomineralization: an overview of current concepts, diagnosis, and treatment options

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a disturbance of enamel mineralization affecting the first permanent molars and incisors. The term was first introduced by Weerheijm et al. in 2001. Current research shows that MIH prevalence varies from 2.3% to 40,7% depending on the region and diagnostic criteria. This review of current understanding is based on systematic analysis of publications over the past 10 years, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical studies. Data from the European and American Academies of Pediatric Dentistry, national research, as well as original studies on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH were utilized. Despite active study of MIH, unresolved questions remain regarding the precise mechanisms of disease development, standardization of diagnosis, and development of optimal therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on clarifying etiological factors, improving diagnostic methods, and finding new approaches to therapy.