Characterizing IceTop response to low-energy air showers
This study evaluates the response of the IceTop tanks to low-energy air showers in the GeV to TeV energy range based on simulated and measured count rates. Correlating this response with primary cosmic rays provides a tool to study Galactic and solar cosmic-ray flux modulations, particularly for solar particle events. We present long-term behavior of the IceTop scaler rates for a range of discriminator thresholds to better understand and calibrate the detector’s response to changing environmental conditions.
Authors
- L. Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6722)
- L. Köpke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-6348)
- Sofia Athanasiadou
- Kiara Carloni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-3748)
- Anil Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7798)
- Rasmus Orsoe
- Sarah Mechbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-3964)
- Rishi Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-6780)
- Philip Weigel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-8507)
- Arun Vaidyanathan
- Thijs van Eeden
- Diego Alberto Coloma Borja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-5793)
- G. M. Spiczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-0519)
- Christy Love
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar
- Thien Nhan Chau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-8159)
- Spencer Griswold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-7513)
- Woosik Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3778)
- I. Taboada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-3457)
- Daniel Salazar-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9684)
- S. R. Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-6553)
- Michael Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-5739)
- James DeLaunay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1995)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Jonathan Mauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9324-7970)
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- C. H. Wiebusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3008)
- P. Desiati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-1858)
- Lukas Hennig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-2242)
- C. De Clercq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-7059)
- K. D. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-4068)
- Alexander Sandrock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1172)
- Sebastian Schindler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5431)
- Yuriy Popovych
- Axel Pontén (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2463-2930)
- Federico Bontempo
- Hershal Pandya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4808)
- Ek Narayan Paudel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7994)
- A. Parenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5680)
- G. de Wasseige (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-5100)
- Veronika Palušová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-1215)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Erik Ganster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-6944)
- Leonora Kardum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-004X)
- Shefali Shefali
- J. Vandenbroucke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-6548)
- Colton Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9174)
- Laurent Arnaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4432-4205)
- Shiqi Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-7766)
- Frederik Hermann Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-5930)
- J. C. Díaz–Vélez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-0693)
- Richard Naab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-466X)
- Julian Saffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-6129)
- Christoph Raab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2668)
- J. V. Santen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9728)
- Félix Carbonell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-0423)
- Matheus Hostert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-8877)
- Spencer Axani
- Miaochen Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-5595)
- Karriem Upshaw
- Dawn Williams
- Diyaselis Delgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8828)
- G. C. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-6802)
- Carolin Klein
- Felix Henningsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-6588)
- Markus Dittmer
- J. M. Conrad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-0438)
- P. Eller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-5209)
- S. Yoshida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-5105)
- Julia Book (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-5959)
- D. F. Cowen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-0787)
- Aswathi Balagopal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-8876)
- Nils Heyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-8623)
- Joelle Savelberg
- A. R. Fazely (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-8020)
- Finn Mayhew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-403X)
- Kaustav Dutta
- Bennett Brinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-1159)
- F. Halzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-2417)
- Jeffrey Lazar
- Elena Manao
- E. Bernardini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-1141)
- Alicia Mand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9697-1702)
- John Evans
- David Berley
- J. V. Mead (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-2533)
- Leon Hamacher
- Kael Hanson
- Matthias Thiesmeyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0005-4762)
- John Rack-Helleis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-4274)
- Thomas Ehrhardt
- Agnieszka Leszczyńska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0935-6313)
- Maximilian Meier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-9450)
- Martina Karl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-8951)
- C. Pérez de los Heros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2084-5866)
- Cristina Lagunas Gualda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-7191)
- Lars Philipp Heuermann
- Emma Kun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-3591)
- Darren Grant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0828-3650)
- Sreetama Goswami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-4092)
- Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-8866)
- T. Glüsenkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-9297)
- C. Finley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-390X)
- Anna Eimer
- Jan Soedingrekso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-2797)
- C. Argüelles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-4182)
- Aishwarya Vijai
- Attila Hidvégi
- Kathrine Mørch Groth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-9049)
- Christian Spannfellner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-3120)
- Fahim Varsi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-0467)
- A. Connolly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-5448)
- Lucas Bloom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9938-3164)
- Jan Weldert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-2354)
- Barbara Skrzypek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-1057)
- X. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-9121)
- Gaurav Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-8934)
- Yuya Makino
- M. Kowalski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-8666)
- E. Blaufuss (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-1757)
- Seowon Choi
- Shannon Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-6838)
- V. A. Parrish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-9414)
- Claudio Kopper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-7637)
- D. Chirkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-1345)
- Vedant Basu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-2009)
- Zelong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-8991)
- Oliver Janik
- S. Toscano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2240)
- Gerhard Krieger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285)
- Yarno Merckx (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-9563)
- Christian Gläser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-2553)
- O. Botner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-7306)
- Alexander Harnisch
- Xianwu Xu
- Kirsten Tollefson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-1479)
- Kareem Ramadan Farrag
- S. Ter–Antonyan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-1369)
- J. Böttcher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-4236)
- Erin O’Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-8802)
- Achara Seripienlert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-8949)
- Bruno Benkel
- D. Ryckbosch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-7553)
- S. Sclafani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-1219)
- Maria Liubarska
- Nora Valtonen-Mattila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-098X)
- Thomas Stuttard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-279X)
- Hannah Erpenbeck
- Will Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-2562)
- Sarah Mancina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9879-3896)
- Lukas Merten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-9895)
- T. Stezelberger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2676-9574)
- G. W. Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-2352)
- T. Karg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-2126)
- R. W. Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-4700)
- Jakob Beise (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-4189)
- Christian Haack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-2448)
- Akanksha Katil
- Simeon Bash (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-1271)
- A. Ishihara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-1956)
- Alex Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4869-7867)
- L. Halve (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-6714)
- Martin Ha Minh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-4875)
- Daniel Durnford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-7650)
- Zoë Rechav
- Francesco Lucarelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-8788)
- A. Obertacke Pollmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-043X)
- J. S. Gallagher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-0408)
- A. Hallgren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-4489)
- William Luszczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-0674)
- Leander Fischer
- Aske Rosted (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-400X)
- Rachel Procter-Murphy
- Sharmistha Chattopadhyay
- Ava Ghadimi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-6485)
- Jannis Necker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-7484)
- M. Ackermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-588X)
- Rasha Abbasi
- W. Iwakiri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9010)
- Peter John Cusack Coleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7358)
- M. J. Larson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-1155)
- Perri Zilberman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4714-0679)
- Janeth Valverde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-6528)
- Harald Schieler
- Paras Koundal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-5230)
- K. Meagher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-1533)
- Emre Burak Yildizci
- Zheyang Chen
- Andreas Noell
- Chang Dong Rho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-9769)
- R. Maruyama (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-512X)
- Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-4329)
- Minjin Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-6639)
- Ella Roberts
- Rattikorn Hewett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-7777)
- Vivian O'Dell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-543X)
- Jose Carpio
- Angela Zegarelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-3826)
- S. BenZvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4710)
- A. Franckowiak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-2219)
- Ryan T. Burley
- Lea Schlickmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-6872)
- Shuyang Deng
- K. Noda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6478)
- Yosuke Ashida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-2086)
- Waleed Esmail (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-3668)
- Joshua Villarreal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-1310)
- K. Hultqvist (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-9472)
- N. Whitehorn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-0407)
- C. Rott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-6033)
- Larissa Paul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-2829)
- Javier González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-2235)
- Ke Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-8138)
- M. A. DuVernois (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-9691)
- A. Karle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-5161)
- N. Kurahashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-8094)
- Gerrit Wrede
- Hans Niederhausen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-4904)
- W. Rhode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5000)
- Alejandra Granados (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-9281)
- K. Andeen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-0007)
- D. B. Fox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-672X)
- Tatphicha Promfu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-1172)
- Tomas Kontrimas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-0933)
- Karlijn Kruiswijk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9261-0537)
- Anatoli Fedynitch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-3477)
- Ali Kheirandish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-0539)
- P. A. Evenson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-810X)
- Tetiana Kozynets (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-3931)
- K. Helbing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4172)
- Jesse Osborn
- Megha Venugopal
- Dennis Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-7879)
- M. Kauer
- Jean-Marco Alameddine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9189)
- Thomas S. Huber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8651)
- Sebastian BOSER
- David Joseph Guevel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-2328)
- A. Kappes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1315-3711)
- Frank McNally (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-2244)
- J. Kiryluk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-3133)
- Kara Hoffman
- Mark Weyrauch
- Ivan Martínez-Soler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-3003)
- T. Montaruli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-2152)
- Else Magnus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8111-1154)
- Yitong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-1971)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- N. Kamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-259X)
- Chiara Bellenghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-7515)
- Patrick Hatch
- Philipp Fürst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-8042)
- J. J. Beatty (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-4952)
- M. García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-1208)
- Benedikt Riedel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-8943)
- M. Plum
- Maria Prado Rodriguez
- Kayla Leonard DeHolton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-0601)
- Emmett Krupczak
- Ramesh Koirala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-7169)
- Pascal Gutjahr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-7285)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- S. Seunarine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-6896)
- Sam Hori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2644-5955)
- Marc Jacquart
- Tista Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-4878)
- M. Stamatikos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8553)
- D. Besson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-963X)
- Adam Rifaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1010-5156)
- Doğa Veske (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0895)
- Lincoln Draper
- Philipp Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-2495)
- Tanvi Krishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-7541)
- Leonhard Eidenschink
- Giacomo Sommani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-826X)
- Szabolcs Márka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1324)
- Xinyue Kang
- Delaney Butterfield
- Yasutsugu Morii
- Alina Kochocki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-0128)
- Martin Rongen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-1007)
- Michael Handt
- Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354)
- Chris Weaver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-093X)
- Anuj Kumar Upadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-2626)
- B. Pries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-9863)
- N. Rad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0851)
- Merlin Schaufel
- Marjon Moulai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-5812)
- M. Ahlers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-5631)
- Berit Schlüter
- Kwok Lung Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4751)
- D. J. Koskinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-5917)
- Jonas Häußler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5552-4821)
- Karolin Hymon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-5207)
- C. Ha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-8589)
- Yuhua Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-0075)
- Jonas Hellrung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7300-8961)
- Donghwa Kang
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- Matthias Vereecken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-5242)
- Alexandra Trettin
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- Simeon Reusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-628X)
- Josh F. Peterson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-0749)
- Paul Behrens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2935-4799)
- Summer Blot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-3001)
- Maxwell Nakos
- H. Kolanoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2524)
- Ludwig Neste (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3469)
- Nick Schmeisser
- Lucas Witthaus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0666-3671)
- Anke Mosbrugger
- Eliot Genton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5263-972X)
- Teresa Pernice
- Patrick Schaile
- H. Kimku
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- Leonardo Ricca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1638-0610)
- L. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-7770)
- Shuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-790X)
- Andrew Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2889-6184)
- Li Ruohan
- Yang Lyu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0510-828X)
- Yukiho Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5680-6614)
- Alfonso Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2459)
- Martin Wolf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-9592)
- Norio Shimizu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-1087)
- Wenjie Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7185)
- Robert A. Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-9334)
- Samyak Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7455-782X)
- Justin Mitchell
- J. Becker Tjus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7367)
- Satoshi Fukami
- Christoph Günther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6304)
- Abdul Rehman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1568-8068)
- Riya Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1260)
- Jessie Thwaites (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3760)
- Serap Tilav
- Ralph Engel
- K. B. M. Mahn
- Najia Moureen Binte Amin
- Andreas Weindl
- Robert Snihur
- Arifa Khatee Zathul
- Kotoyo Hoshina
- Sebastian Vergara Carrasco
- Stephanie Hickford
- Subir Sarkar
- A. Søgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-056X)
- Jenni Adams
- Sally Robertson
- D. Seckel
- Uwe Naumann
- Juliana Stachurska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5608)
- G. T. Przybylski
- Ryan Bay
- C. Lin
- Alex Olivas
- Juan Pablo Yáñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-2569)
- T. DeYoung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3783)
- Delia Tosi
- Dan Hooper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2456-1221)
- Katherine Rawlins
- Torsten Schmidt
- Timo Stürwald
- M. U. Nisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3944)
- Todor Stanev
- Andrii Terliuk
- Alba Domi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-7296)
- Brian Clark
- Ioana Codrina Mariş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-1124)
- Christian Spiering
- G. B. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-8082)
- Lilly Pyras
- Dominik Elsässer
- Nahee Park
- Pavel Zhelnin
- Sean Griffin
- John Hardin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-9010)
- Zsuzsa Márka
- L. Gerhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5162)
- Gabriel Collin
- Manish Khanal
- Andrés Medina
- Juanan Aguilar
- Johannes Werthebach
- Matti Jansson
- Steven W. Barwick
- Jim Braun
- Enrico Ellinger
- Rebecca Corley
- C. Walck
- Alan Coleman
- Nora Feigl
- Neha Navnitkumar Lad
- Jim Madsen
- Chris Wendt
- Elizabeth Warrick
- Miriam Neumann
- B. L. Henke
- Jiyuan Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6250-4765)
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- M. Santander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-8217)
- T. Ruhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9563)
- E. Resconi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-2770)
- Per Arne Sevle Myhr
- Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis
- Shoukat Ali
- Ramy Hmaid
- Sonke Schwirn
- Leo Seen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9204-0241)
- Grace Sanger-Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-2902)
- Marco Scarnera
- Stephen DiKerby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-2196)
- Joe Baines-Holmes
- Lars Marten
- Logan Molchany
- Despina Mousadi
- Emile Moyaux
- Vaidehi Poojyam
- Ian Reistroffer
- Ilya Bodo
- Amar Thakuri
- Lene van Rootselaar
- Thomas Delmeulle
- Lasse Dueser
- Steven Eulig
- Yanee Tangjai
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0412
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Nvidia
- Michigan State University
- Villum Fonden
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- Marquette University
- Western Canada Research Grid
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- RWTH Aachen University
- Chiba University
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Marsden Fund
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University
- Office of Polar Programs
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research