Muon Signal Charge in the Underground Muon Detector of AugerPrime
The Underground Muon Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory features a calorimetric detection mode that estimates the number of muons based on signal charge measurements. This contribution provides an overview of the calibration procedure, revisiting the previously published strategy and identifying a bias introduced by the triggers used to estimate the mean charge deposited by a vertical muon. We demonstrate that calibrating underground detectors requires careful consideration of the interactions of penetrating particles through matter. In devices based on plastic scintillators, energy deposition—and thus the recorded charge—is significantly affected by knock-on electron production in the surrounding ground as muons traverse the medium. To mitigate this effect, we propose a new calibration strategy that ensures an unbiased muon estimator. This approach is applied to data collected from 2019 to 2024.
Authors
- Belén Andrada
- Pedro J. Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-7875)
- Zbigniew Szadkowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-9912)
- Bruno L. Lago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-0499)
- Marvin Gottowik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-389X)
- Carla Taricco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-5539)
- Giovanni Consolati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-245X)
- S. Petrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1255)
- Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-3172)
- T. Pierog (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8710)
- G. Sigl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-645X)
- Mateo Fernandez
- T. Huege (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4772)
- Nicolas Leal
- Carmina Pérez Bertolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5732)
- Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6173-0974)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- A. Bueno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-4247)
- Gustavo Medina‐Tanco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-319X)
- A. C. Fauth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-0288)
- Enrico Arnone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-5051)
- Enrique Varela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-7513)
- O. Schölten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-1254)
- M. Scornavacche
- Lorenzo Cazon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-8395)
- Pierpaolo Savina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-554X)
- Lukáš Vaclavek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3415)
- B. R. Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-3055)
- Matteo Conte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-224X)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Harm Schoorlemmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-9249)
- Dalibor Nosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-200X)
- G. Parente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0461)
- Paula Gina Isar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-584X)
- Laura Valore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-8378)
- Janning Meinert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-3456)
- Emanuele De Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-7588)
- Dušan Mandát (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-7468)
- M. Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-4477)
- Adila Abdul Halim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-1737)
- Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-230X)
- Jiří Blažek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-8947)
- Therese Paulsen
- Adriel Bartz Mocellin
- Berenika Čermáková
- S. J. de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-3367)
- V. Rizi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-6527)
- Armando di Matteo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-1867)
- Alexey Yushkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-9116)
- K. Daumiller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-4823)
- A. Insolia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-1566)
- Srijan Sehgal
- Lorenzo Caccianiga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5108)
- Darko Veberič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-1526)
- María Isabel Micheletti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-9938)
- A. Segreto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-6603)
- L. Nellen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-8731)
- Felicia Barbato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-6731)
- Viviana Scherini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-4063)
- Katarína Simkova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-9846)
- R. Caruso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-8731)
- I. Allekotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-3044)
- F. Sarazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-1986)
- V. Verzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-9387)
- Luis A. Núñez
- Chaitanya Priyadarshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-9617)
- M. Cristinziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9171)
- E. Zas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8117)
- Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe
- Roberta Colalillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9352)
- L. Miramonti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5363)
- F. Simon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-0289)
- Juan Carlos D’Olivo
- F. Salamida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-8447)
- P. Trávnı́ček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9584)
- Benjamin Flaggs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-1869)
- Michael Unger
- P. Hamal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-7234)
- A. D. Supanitsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6216)
- Maximilian Straub
- R. Mussa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9071)
- Camilla Petrucci
- Steffen Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-3666)
- Federico Maria Mariani
- Fiona H. Ellwanger
- A. Castellina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2467)
- J. Vícha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-3605)
- Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-0803)
- Олена Ткаченко (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-6390)
- Denise Boncioli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1186-9353)
- L. Chytka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-259X)
- Martin Vacula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-3962)
- Vladimír Novotný (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4541)
- Miguel A. Martins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-6204)
- F. Guarino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9885)
- Glennys R. Farrar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-5975)
- M. Erdmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-1303)
- Jarosław Stasielak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-7000)
- Tobias Schulz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-778X)
- H. Falcke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-6724)
- Shima Ujjani Shivashankara
- C. E. Covault (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-5371)
- Alex Tapia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-7161)
- P. Abreu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-7314)
- C. Aramo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-3846)
- M. Palatka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6059)
- I. De Mitri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-1730)
- Antoine Letessier-Selvon
- K. S. Caballero‐Mora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-3855)
- Antonio Franco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-4241)
- Bjarni Pont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-5364)
- Simone Rossoni
- S. Buitink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-497X)
- Petr Tobiška (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-9098)
- Juan Ammerman Yebra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-6206)
- Violet M. Harvey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-4789)
- Achille Nucita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-3481)
- Hermann-Josef Mathes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-040X)
- P. Mantsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-7745)
- Lawrence Wiencke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-9704)
- Rukije Uzeiroska
- Lorenzo Perrone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-9643)
- Nicolás Martín González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-2222)
- Nicolas San Martin
- Corinne Bérat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6294)
- Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-9404)
- Zuzana Svozilikova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-0781)
- М. Бертаина (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-1397)
- Maximilian Stadelmaier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-6012)
- P. Assis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3606)
- F. Montanet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-596X)
- Mohit Saharan
- T. Hebbeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-266X)
- M. Mallamaci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0496)
- Alena Bakalová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-4484)
- Peter L. Biermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3948-6143)
- Jan Ebr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-6162)
- Anthony Bwembya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5978)
- J. A. Chinellato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-0789)
- S. Andringa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-9207)
- Jorge Caraça-Valente
- Felix Riehn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-7500)
- Krzysztof Pytel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-7886)
- R. Conceição (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-5340)
- C. Bonifazi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3609)
- Shefali Negi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0829)
- Jon Paul Lundquist (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-5092)
- Jan Pękala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-5595)
- Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-8314)
- Fridtjof Feldbusch
- Josina Schulte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-2445)
- S. Vorobiov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-3424)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- Emanuele Avocone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-2718)
- J. Biteau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-8939)
- H.O. Klages (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-021X)
- H. Wilczyński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-9685)
- Antonio Ambrosone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-1029)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- M. Aglietta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-5388)
- Patricia María Hansen
- A. Gorgi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-2304)
- F. de Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2834)
- V. de Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-233X)
- Esteban Roulet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-9260)
- S. Dasso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-4721)
- Italo Epicoco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1335)
- Leo Östman
- Fabio Convenga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-1034)
- J. Matthews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-4420)
- Fernando Catalani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-1476)
- Adrian Sedoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-3361)
- Radomir Šmída (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1123)
- Eva Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-8863)
- Joaquín de Jesús (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-1769)
- Milton Freitas
- Niklas Langner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3042)
- Carmelo Evoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-5253)
- Matías Rolf Hampel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-4826)
- Jose A. Bellido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-9194)
- Kathrin Bismark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-7041)
- Adrián Rovero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-5604)
- D. Góra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-5974)
- J. Řídký (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-1393)
- B. Keilhauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1155)
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- R. W. Clay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-9648)
- Antonino Del Popolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-0239)
- Katharine Mulrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-8020)
- Mario Buscemi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-5434)
- Wilson M. Namasaka
- Vincent Pelgrims (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-3847)
- Chloé Gaudu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-4873)
- Yago Lema-Capeans
- Carmen Merx
- Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar
- Lukas Gülzow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0620-3525)
- Simon Strähnz
- Sergio Cabana-Freire
- Alessandro Cermenati
- Nikolas Denner
- Beatriz de Errico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4212-0708)
- João Vítor Reginatto Akim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-9747)
- Fedor Tairli
- Alex Reuzki
- Tim Fehler
- Eric William Mayotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-9166)
- J.R. Hörandel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-547X)
- J. Chudoba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-2579)
- Paolo Privitera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-9261)
- Charles Timmermans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-2475)
- Andreas Weindl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-6191)
- A. De Roeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-6634)
- Danelise de Oliveira Franco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-7730)
- Brian Wundheiler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-7037)
- Jacco Vink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-9949)
- Gioacchino Alex Anastasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-5283)
- Indira D. Vergara Quispe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-5933)
- José Ochoa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1395-4159)
- Teresa Bister (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-0857)
- Tiina Suomijärvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-258X)
- Khoa Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-650X)
- Alan Watson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-6786)
- K.‐H. Kampert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-0195)
- Luiz Augusto Pereira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-3203)
- Jose Sanabria Gomez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-3212)
- B. Garćıa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-2734)
- Marcus Niechciol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-8056)
- Leonel Morejón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-2624)
- Igor Vaiman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-3631)
- David Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-1191)
- Ralph Engel
- Juan Pallotta
- Alejandro Almela
- Alberto Etchegoyen
- Humberto Ibarguen Salazar
- Rita Cassia dos Anjos
- Germano Guedes
- Analisa Mariazzi
- Juan Manuel Gonzalez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7524-8635)
- Luca Deval
- Peter Mazur
- Stanislav Michal
- Johannes Blümer
- Jelena Köhler
- Danilo Zavrtanik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1521)
- Fernando Gollan
- Edivaldo Moura Santos
- Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon
- Carlos Hojvat
- Qader Dorosti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-0609)
- Bernardo Tomé
- P. Sommers
- Paul Filip
- A. Filipčič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-1555)
- Carlos J. Todero Peixoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-8212)
- Toshihiro Fujii
- Luan Bonneau Arbeletche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3609)
- Federico Andrés Sánchez
- Thomas Fitoussi
- Mariano Gómez Berisso
- Margita Kubátová
- Melanie Weitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9010-9610)
- Primo F. Gómez Vitale
- Rogerio M. de Almeida
- Martina Boháčová
- R. Sarmento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5467)
- Pavel Horváth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-5339)
- G. Marsella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8874)
- Nataliia Borodai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-937X)
- Cristina Galea
- Kévin Almeida Cheminant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-5339)
- Miroslav Pech
- Martin Schimassek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-7719)
- Jose F. Valdés Galicia
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Sergio J Sciutto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-3231)
- Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo
- Markus Risse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-8683)
- Daniele Martello
- Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez
- Florian Lukas Briechle
- Samo Stanič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-8381)
- Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira
- Ioana Codrina Maris
- Giorgio Matthiae
- Michael Prouza
- Marcos Cerda
- Michael Schimp
- Mário Pimenta
- Piera Luisa Ghia
- P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera
- Gaetano Salina
- Ruben Squartini
- Gabriela Nicora
- Agustín Cobos Cerutti
- Manuel Platino
- Dave Nitz
- Brian Fick
- Silvia Mollerach
- Marko Zavrtanik
- Alan Fuster
- Petr Janeček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7163)
- Virginia Binet
- Jeffrey Brack
- Marina Scornavacche
- Alexander Menshikov
- C. Dobrigkeit
- Ricardo Sato
- Cainã Oliveira
- Max Büsken
- Marta Bianciotto
- A. Săftoiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-6510)
- L. Lopes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-0033)
- Patrick Stassi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-8410)
- Abha Khakurdikar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-5255)
- Sonja Mayotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-8033)
- Rodrigo Pelayo
- Luis A. Anchordoqui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-7136)
- Fabian Gobbi
- Baobiao Yue
- Diego Correia dos Santos
- Lorenzo Apollonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5625-5893)
- Miroslav Hrabovský
- Joao dos Anjos
- Roberto Aloisio
- Diego Melo
- Shayoni Panja
- Vlastimil Jílek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-7285)
- Veronika Vašíčková
- Alexandra Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-4007)
- Ugo GIACCARI
- J. Rautenberg
- Norbert Kunka
- Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez
- Sara Martinelli
- Geraldina Golup
- Ezequiel Rodríguez
- Diego Ravignani
- Jaime de Oliveira
- Libor Nožka
- Jannis Pawlowsky
- Olivier Deligny
- Juan Manuel Figueira
- Federico Campuzano
- Frederik Krieger
- Gael Flores Avila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-6492)
- Sven Querchfeld
- Matthias Kleifges
- Luciana Andrade Dourado
- Petr Schovánek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-7645)
- Tomáš Fodran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9529-0853)
- Matias Jorge Tueros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-1419)
- G. Cataldi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-7718)
- Megha Mogarkar
- Jhansi Bhavani Vuta
- Eric-Teunis de Boone
- Mohamed Ismaiel
- Karolina Syrokvas
- Matteo Tambone
- Pim van Dillen
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0389
- Primary Topic
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Grainger Foundation
- Strong
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- European Commission
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii
- Xunta de Galicia
- Junta de Andalucía
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación