Reconstructing Air-Shower Observables using a Universality-Based Model at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Based on solutions of the cascade equations, the "air-shower universality" is a framework that for all air showers with the same energy, zenith angle, depth of shower maximum, and muon number predicts the same longitudinal, lateral, and energy distributions of electromagnetic shower particles. We employ a universality-based model of shower development that incorporates hadronic particle components to reconstruct observables from extensive air showers produced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The model can estimate key parameters, such as the depth of the shower maximum and the number of muons at the event level. We discuss the performance of the reconstruction algorithm using both air-shower simulations, and preliminary results obtained from the Phase-I data of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Authors
- Belén Andrada
- Zbigniew Szadkowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-9912)
- Bruno L. Lago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-0499)
- Marvin Gottowik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-389X)
- Carla Taricco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-5539)
- Giovanni Consolati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-245X)
- Juan Manuel Gonzalez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-0921)
- S. Petrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1255)
- T. Pierog (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8710)
- G. Sigl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-645X)
- Mateo Fernandez
- T. Huege (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4772)
- Marta Bianciotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-3214)
- Nicolas Leal
- Carmina Pérez Bertolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5732)
- Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6173-0974)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Gustavo Medina‐Tanco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-319X)
- A. C. Fauth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-0288)
- Enrico Arnone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-5051)
- Enrique Varela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-7513)
- O. Schölten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-1254)
- Lorenzo Cazon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-8395)
- Lukáš Vaclavek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3415)
- B. R. Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-3055)
- Laura Valore
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Dalibor Nosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-200X)
- G. Parente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0461)
- Paula Gina Isar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-584X)
- Janning Meinert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-3456)
- Emanuele De Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-7588)
- M. Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-4477)
- Adila Abdul Halim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-1737)
- Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-230X)
- Jiří Blažek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-8947)
- Therese Paulsen
- Adriel Bartz Mocellin
- Berenika Čermáková
- S. J. de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-3367)
- Alexey Yushkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-9116)
- K. Daumiller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-4823)
- A. Insolia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-1566)
- Darko Veberič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-1526)
- María Isabel Micheletti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-9938)
- A. Segreto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-6603)
- L. Nellen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-8731)
- Felicia Barbato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-6731)
- Alexandra Ramos Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-4438)
- Gabriela Nicora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-6423)
- Katarína Simkova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-9846)
- R. Caruso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-8731)
- I. Allekotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-3044)
- F. Sarazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-1986)
- V. Verzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-9387)
- Luis A. Núñez
- Chaitanya Priyadarshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-9617)
- Fernando Gollan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-2768)
- M. Cristinziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9171)
- E. Zas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8117)
- Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe
- Roberta Colalillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9352)
- M. Hrabovský (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-7316)
- L. Miramonti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5363)
- F. Simon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-0289)
- F. Salamida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-8447)
- P. Trávnı́ček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9584)
- Benjamin Flaggs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-1869)
- Michael Unger
- P. Hamal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-7234)
- A. D. Supanitsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6216)
- Pedro J. Costa
- Maximilian Straub
- R. Mussa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9071)
- Camilla Petrucci
- Steffen Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-3666)
- Federico Maria Mariani
- Fiona H. Ellwanger
- J. Vícha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-3605)
- Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-0803)
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- L. Nožka
- M. Palatka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6059)
- I. De Mitri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-1730)
- Antoine Letessier-Selvon
- K. S. Caballero‐Mora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-3855)
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- S. Buitink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-497X)
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- P. Assis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3606)
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- Mohit Saharan
- T. Hebbeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-266X)
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- Fridtjof Feldbusch
- S. Vorobiov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-3424)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam
- Emanuele Avocone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-2718)
- J. Biteau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-8939)
- H.O. Klages (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-021X)
- H. Wilczyński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-9685)
- Antonio Ambrosone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-1029)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- Patricia María Hansen
- A. Gorgi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-2304)
- F. de Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2834)
- V. de Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-233X)
- Esteban Roulet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-9260)
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- Leo Östman
- Fabio Convenga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-1034)
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- Adrian Sedoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-3361)
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- Milton Freitas
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- Carmen Merx
- Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar
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- Simon Strähnz
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- Leonel Morejón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-2624)
- J. Brack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2063)
- Igor Vaiman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-3631)
- Giorgio Matthiae
- Juan Carlos D'Olivo
- Markus Risse
- Juan Pallotta
- Humberto Ibarguen Salazar
- Rita Cassia dos Anjos
- Jörg R. Hörandel
- Germano Guedes
- Analisa Mariazzi
- Sergio J Sciutto
- Norbert Kunka
- Luca Deval
- Peter Mazur
- Stanislav Michal
- Johannes Blümer
- Jelena Köhler
- Antonino Del Popolo
- Julian Rautenberg
- Danilo Zavrtanik
- Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes
- Jaime de Oliveira
- Edivaldo Moura Santos
- Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon
- Qader Dorosti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-0609)
- Italo Epicoco
- Alberto Etchegoyen
- Bernardo Tomé
- Sara Martinelli
- Felix Riehn
- Charles Timmermans
- Paul Filip
- Antonio Bueno
- A. Filipčič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-1555)
- Marco Aglietta
- Carlos J. Todero Peixoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-8212)
- Josina Schulte
- Luan Bonneau Arbeletche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3609)
- Thomas Fitoussi
- Carmelo Evoli
- Harm Schoorlemmer
- Mariano Gómez Berisso
- Roger W Clay
- Margita Kubátová
- Melanie Weitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9010-9610)
- A. A. Watson
- Primo F. Gómez Vitale
- Rogerio M. de Almeida
- Corinne Berat
- Glennys R. Farrar
- Martina Boháčová
- David Schmidt
- Niklas Langner
- R. Sarmento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5467)
- Pavel Horváth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-5339)
- G. Marsella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8874)
- Nataliia Borodai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-937X)
- Cristina Galea
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- Miroslav Pech
- Martin Schimassek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-7719)
- Jose F. Valdés Galicia
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Andreas Weindl
- Petr Tobiska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-2475)
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- Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo
- Daniele Martello
- Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez
- Florian Lukas Briechle
- Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira
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- Marcos Cerda
- Vincenzo Rizi
- Michael Schimp
- Brian Wundheiler
- Ralph Engel
- Tiina Suomijärvi
- Piera Luisa Ghia
- P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera
- Gaetano Salina
- Ruben Squartini
- Agustín Cobos Cerutti
- Manuel Platino
- Antonella Castellina
- Corbin Covault
- Petr Janecek
- Diego Correia dos Santos
- Dave Nitz
- Brian Fick
- Marko Zavrtanik
- Alan Fuster
- Vladimír Novotný
- Virginia Binet
- Marina Scornavacche
- Alexander Menshikov
- Dusan Mandat
- C. Dobrigkeit
- Armando di Matteo
- Ioana Codrina Maris
- Ricardo Sato
- Cainã Oliveira
- Max Büsken
- Luis A. Anchordoqui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-7136)
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- Abha Khakurdikar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-5255)
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- F. Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-6261)
- A. Almela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-2670)
- Rodrigo Pelayo
- Fabian Gobbi
- Baobiao Yue
- Lorenzo Apollonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5625-5893)
- Carla Aramo
- Teresa Bister
- Srijan Sehgal
- Joao dos Anjos
- Mario E. Bertaina
- Diego Melo
- Pierpaolo Savina
- Vlastimil Jílek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-7285)
- Matías Rolf Hampel
- Veronika Vašíčková
- Ugo GIACCARI
- Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez
- Viviana Scherini
- Luiz Augusto Pereira
- Heino Falcke
- Geraldina Golup
- Matteo Conte
- Ezequiel Rodríguez
- Jannis Pawlowsky
- Olivier Deligny
- Danelise de Oliveira Franco
- Juan Manuel Figueira
- Federico Campuzano
- Frederik Krieger
- Tobias Schulz
- Gael Flores Avila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-6492)
- Sven Querchfeld
- Karl-Heinz Kampert
- Matthias Kleifges
- Sofia Andringa
- Samo Stanič
- Gabriella Cataldi
- Luciana Andrade Dourado
- Petr Schovánek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-7645)
- Tomáš Fodran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9529-0853)
- Matias Jorge Tueros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-1419)
- D. Ravignani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-8522)
- Megha Mogarkar
- Jhansi Bhavani Vuta
- Eric-Teunis de Boone
- Mohamed Ismaiel
- Karolina Syrokvas
- Matteo Tambone
- Pim van Dillen
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0426
- Primary Topic
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Grainger Foundation
- Strong
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Narodowym Centrum Nauki
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii
- Xunta de Galicia
- Junta de Andalucía
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
- Vlaamse regering
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules