Literature update and MRI case collection of unusual localizations

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is a significant cause of pelvic pain and infertility. It manifests in three patterns: superficial peritoneal lesions, ovarian endometriomas, and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Our aim is to remind radiologists of the possibility of atypical locations of pelvic and extrapelvic endometriosis and to illustrate their characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most common site of endometriosis is the ovaries, followed by the pelvic peritoneum. Less common locations include deep subperitoneal tissues, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, the thorax, and subcutaneous tissues. We present three rare clinical cases: diaphragmatic endometriosis, inguinal canal endometriosis, and a case of sciatic nerve infiltration. MRI provides important findings that help classify the disease and identify the extent of the lesion, thus facilitating appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Radiologists should be familiar with the MRI findings of DIE in various anatomical sites to provide information that allows for adequate pre-surgical counseling.