IceCube population constraints on neutrino emission by Fermi-LAT detected active galactic nuclei
Gamma-ray-bright active galactic nuclei (AGN) have been one of the most promising source classes of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. The first evidence of an IceCube point source was a blazar detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), TXS ~0506+056. Previous analyses have ruled out GeV-bright blazars as the predominant contributor to the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux under simple correlation assumptions about the relationship between the fluxes of gamma rays and neutrinos. We present results from a more general and more sensitive search for correlation between neutrinos and GeV-selected AGN using improvements in the IceCube statistical methods and 13 years of data. We detect no correlation and set stringent constraints on neutrino emission by populations of GeV-detected AGN. These include constraints on the neutrino emission from subclasses of GeV-detected AGN, including BL Lacs, flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) and non-blazar AGN, using stacking analyses testing a variety of hypothesized relationships between neutrino and gamma-ray flux. We also present results from an analysis that is sensitive to a wider range of relationships between the gamma-ray and neutrino signal.
Authors
- L. Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6722)
- L. Köpke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-6348)
- Sofia Athanasiadou
- Kiara Carloni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-3748)
- Sarah Mechbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-3964)
- Rishi Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-6780)
- Philip Weigel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-8507)
- Arun Vaidyanathan
- Thijs van Eeden
- Diego Alberto Coloma Borja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-5793)
- G. M. Spiczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-0519)
- Christy Love
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar
- Thien Nhan Chau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-8159)
- Spencer Griswold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-7513)
- Woosik Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3778)
- I. Taboada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-3457)
- Daniel Salazar-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9684)
- S. R. Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-6553)
- Michael Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-5739)
- James DeLaunay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1995)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Jonathan Mauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9324-7970)
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- C. H. Wiebusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3008)
- P. Desiati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-1858)
- Lukas Hennig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-2242)
- C. De Clercq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-7059)
- K. D. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-4068)
- Alexander Sandrock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1172)
- Sebastian Schindler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5431)
- Yuriy Popovych
- Federico Bontempo
- Hershal Pandya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4808)
- Ek Narayan Paudel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7994)
- A. Parenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5680)
- G. de Wasseige (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-5100)
- Veronika Palušová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-1215)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Erik Ganster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-6944)
- Leonora Kardum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-004X)
- Shefali Shefali
- J. Vandenbroucke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-6548)
- Colton Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9174)
- Frederik Hermann Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-5930)
- J. C. Díaz–Vélez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-0693)
- Kareem Ramadan Farrag
- Richard Naab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-466X)
- Julian Saffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-6129)
- Axel Ponten
- Christoph Raab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2668)
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- Félix Carbonell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-0423)
- Matheus Hostert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-8877)
- Miaochen Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-5595)
- Karriem Upshaw
- Diyaselis Delgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8828)
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- X. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-9121)
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- Jesse Osborn
- Megha Venugopal
- Dennis Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-7879)
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- Jean-Marco Alameddine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9189)
- Sebastian BOSER
- David Joseph Guevel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-2328)
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- T. Montaruli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-2152)
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- Patrick Hatch
- Chiara Bellenghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-7515)
- Philipp Fürst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-8042)
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- Sharmistha Chattopadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1352-2248)
- M. Plum
- Maria Prado Rodriguez
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- Pranav Sampathkumar
- S. Seunarine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-6896)
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- Marc Jacquart
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- Yasutsugu Morii
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- N. Rad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0851)
- Merlin Schaufel
- Marjon Moulai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-5812)
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- Berit Schlüter
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- Brandon Pries
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- Yuhua Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-0075)
- Jonas Hellrung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7300-8961)
- Shiqi Yu
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- Matthias Vereecken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-5242)
- Alexandra Trettin
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- Robert Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-2588)
- Simeon Reusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-628X)
- Summer Blot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-3001)
- Maxwell Nakos
- H. Kolanoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2524)
- Ludwig Neste (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3469)
- Nick Schmeisser
- Lucas Witthaus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0666-3671)
- Anke Mosbrugger
- Eliot Genton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5263-972X)
- Teresa Pernice
- Patrick Schaile
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- Leonardo Ricca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1638-0610)
- Anil Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-3178)
- L. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-7770)
- Shuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-790X)
- Andrew Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-0933)
- Li Ruohan
- Nobuhiro Shimizu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-1772)
- Yukiho Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5680-6614)
- Alfonso Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2459)
- Abdul Rehman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3658-4913)
- Wenjie Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7185)
- Samyak Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7455-782X)
- Justin Mitchell
- J. Becker Tjus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7367)
- Satoshi Fukami
- Christoph Günther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6304)
- Riya Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1260)
- Chris Weaver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-5451)
- Jessie Thwaites (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3760)
- Serap Tilav
- Ralph Engel
- Najia Moureen Binte Amin
- Andreas Weindl
- Kendall Mahn
- Robert Snihur
- Dawn Williams
- Arifa Khatee Zathul
- Kotoyo Hoshina
- Sebastian Vergara Carrasco
- Stephanie Hickford
- A. Søgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-056X)
- Sally Robertson
- D. Seckel
- Juliana Stachurska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5608)
- G. T. Przybylski
- Darren Grant
- Ryan Bay
- Alex Olivas
- Juan Pablo Yáñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-2569)
- T. DeYoung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3783)
- Delia Tosi
- Katherine Rawlins
- Torsten Schmidt
- Timo Stürwald
- M. U. Nisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3944)
- Todor Stanev
- Andrii Terliuk
- Tianlu Yuan
- Alba Domi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-7296)
- Brian Clark
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Ioana Codrina Mariş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-1124)
- G. B. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-8082)
- D. Berley
- Lilly Pyras
- Jenni Adams
- Dominik Elsässer
- Nahee Park
- Pavel Zhelnin
- John Hardin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-9010)
- Zsuzsa Márka
- Chace Lin
- L. Gerhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5162)
- Gabriel Collin
- Manish Khanal
- Angela Zegarelli
- Andrés Medina
- Juanan Aguilar
- Matti Jansson
- Steven W. Barwick
- Jim Braun
- Enrico Ellinger
- Dave Besson
- Rebecca Corley
- C. Walck
- Spencer Axani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-3826)
- Nora Feigl
- Neha Navnitkumar Lad
- Jim Madsen
- Chris Wendt
- Elizabeth Warrick
- A. Connolly
- Miriam Neumann
- Jiyuan Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6250-4765)
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- M. Santander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-8217)
- T. Ruhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9563)
- E. Resconi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-2770)
- Per Arne Sevle Myhr
- Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis
- Shoukat Ali
- Ramy Hmaid
- Sonke Schwirn
- Leo Seen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9204-0241)
- Grace Sanger-Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-2902)
- Marco Scarnera
- Stephen DiKerby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-2196)
- Brandon Henke
- Hani KimKu
- Joe Baines-Holmes
- Lars Marten
- Logan Molchany
- Despina Mousadi
- Emile Moyaux
- V. Poojyam
- Ian Reistroffer
- Amar Thakuri
- Lene van Rootselaar
- Thomas Delmeulle
- Lasse Dueser
- Steven Eulig
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0933
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Nvidia
- Michigan State University
- Villum Fonden
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- Marquette University
- Western Canada Research Grid
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- RWTH Aachen University
- Chiba University
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Marsden Fund
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University
- Office of Polar Programs
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research