Exploring the problems and life effects of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: an ICF-based investigation

Abstract Background Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder is a complex condition that affects individuals both audiologically and non-audiologically. Traditional audiological assessments focus primarily on auditory deficits, often overlooking broader functional impacts on daily life. To gain a comprehensive understanding of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, this study aimed to evaluate its overall effects using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. The study also explored the relationship between these broader effects and conventional auditory measures. Results Fifty-five adults diagnosed with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder participated in the study. Data were collected using two open-ended questions: a Problem Effects Question and a Life-Effects Question. A content analysis of participant responses was conducted to map the reported issues to relevant International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories. A total of 282 responses were recorded for the Problem Effects Question, with most concerns related to impairments in body functions. For the Life-Effects Question, 329 responses were recorded, primarily highlighting limitations in activity and participation. Notably, no significant correlations were found between International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health -based responses and traditional auditory measures such as Pure Tone Audiometry and Speech Identification Scores. Conclusions This study highlights the multidimensional nature of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder and the importance of assessing its broader impact beyond auditory function alone. The use of open-ended questions enabled the identification of a wide range of concerns affecting daily life. Given the lack of correlation between conventional audiological tests and real-life impacts, it is recommended that future evaluations of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder include both audiological and functional assessments. Such an approach would ensure a more holistic understanding of the condition and support better-targeted intervention strategies.