Advances in Active Food Packaging: Utilizing TiO₂ Photocatalyst as an Ethylene Scavenger to Extend the Shelf Life of Fruits

Active packaging incorporating TiO2 photocatalysts as ethylene scavengers presents a promising approach to extend the shelf life of fruits, particularly climacteric varieties. Ethylene, a plant hormone, accelerates fruit ripening and significantly reduces postharvest quality, leading to considerable food waste. TiO2 is a photocatalytic material proven to be able to degrade ethylene and prolong shelf life. The efficiency of TiO2 photocatalysis is influenced by several factors, including atmospheric composition, surface phase, particle size, and homogeneity. This review provides an in-depth overview of the TiO2 ethylene scavenging mechanism, the key factors that affect its photocatalytic performance, and various TiO2 nanostructures and composites that enhance its efficacy. Additionally, recent studies on the application of TiO2-based systems in fruits such as tomatoes, bananas, and mangoes are discussed, showcasing their potential for practical use. The goal of this review is to deepen the understanding of the critical variables that influence TiO2 performance in ethylene degradation, provide literature insights for researchers, and encourage further investigation into optimizing TiO2-based packaging systems for large-scale fruit storage and preservation.