Primary abdominal manifestations of vagus nerve stimulation: illustrative case

Review of this patient's symptoms highlights two ways that VNS may affect vagal signaling: disruption of pain modulation pathways and aberrant stimulation leading to GI dysmotility. Prior studies of the vagus nerve topography reveal heterogeneity in the layout of fascicles, which are unaccounted for with the current surgical technique. Recognition of the potential association of VNS with this uncommon collection of symptoms is important for surgeons offering this treatment. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE25117.