Augmentative biological control of invertebrate pests in Australasia: experiences from down under

• Unique biota in Oceania. • Critical sustainable pest management needed. • Stringent biosecurity needed too to protect biota. • Augmentative biological control challenges. We explored the application of augmentative biological control in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia, focusing on managing invertebrate pests in agriculture and horticulture. Both countries, with unique climates and biodiversity, rely heavily on agriculture as a key economic driver, making the protection of crops from invertebrate pests crucial. Despite stringent biosecurity measures, invasive species continue to pose a significant threat, underscoring the ongoing and future need for effective pest management strategies. The use of synthetic agrichemicals has long been integral to crop protection; however, concerns over their environmental impact, resistance development, and market access restrictions have prompted a desired shift toward more sustainable methods. Augmentative biological control, which involves releasing predators, parasitoids, and pathogens to control invertebrate pest populations, is a favourable alternative. Augmentation has been used globally for over a century, but its application in New Zealand and Australia presents unique challenges due to their distinct environments, regulatory frameworks, and biosecurity concerns. The manuscript highlights the use of augmentative biological control in these regions, examines the difficulties surrounding the importation and regulation of biological control agents, and discusses cultural and ecological factors influencing their adoption. It also provides insights into the future potential of augmentative biological control in the two countries, emphasising its role in integrated pest management strategies to reduce agrichemical reliance and ensure sustainable agricultural practices. The manuscript offers perspectives for future invertebrate pest management efforts in New Zealand and Australia.