Assessing Reproductive Ecology and Oviposition Habitat Selection Among Anurans in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia

This study explored the breeding ecology and oviposition site selection of anurans in Compartment 15 of Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), focusing on the relationship between habitat variables and oviposition sites. The effectiveness of artificial breeding ponds was also assessed. Ten breeding ponds (five natural, five artificial) were studied from June to November 2022. Frog sampling occurred twice weekly at night, and tadpoles were observed weekly. Microclimate, macrohabitat data, and anuran presence were recorded. A total of 67 anurans from 18 species and six families were documented. Hylarana labialis had the highest number of individuals (12) near natural ponds, while Kalophrynus palmatissimus had the same number across natural and artificial ponds. The latter species, endemic to the region, is classified as Endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List Index 2024. Tadpoles of H. labialis, K. palmatissimus, and Microhyla sp. were also documented. The study provides valuable insights into anuran habitat selection and microclimate influences. While these species show adaptability in disturbed areas, further research is needed to understand the impact of forest disturbance on their breeding ecology, as habitat loss could affect their populations.