Comprehensive evaluation of primary health care service capacity in China based on TOPSIS and RSR methods

China's PHC capacity growth from 2009 to 2022 has been primarily driven by a massive expansion in resources, which masks a persistent and worrying decline in service efficiency. Our objective, multi-dimensional analysis reveals a critical need for a policy pivot from simple resource accumulation to strategic performance optimization. Future efforts must focus on improving the operational efficiency of existing assets and enhancing the quality of care to ensure sustainable and high-value primary health care for the population.