Bacterial microbiome profiles of the inflamed terminal ileum mucosa in active Crohn’s disease patients

A total of 753 OTUs were specific to inflamed tissues. Alpha diversity demonstrated that the biodiversity of the bacterial microbiota in the inflamed mucosa was increased, but it was not significantly different from that in the noninflamed mucosa. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) Clustergram showed <i>Micrococcaceae</i>, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i>, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i>, <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i>, and <i>Methylobacteriaceae</i> as microbes that were significantly different in the inflamed mucosa of active CD patients. Wilcox test results of genus differences indicated <i>Methylobacterium, Rothia, Shinella, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces, Gardnerella, Leucobacter</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> as significantly upregulated genera in the inflamed mucosa of active CD patients compared with their noninflamed mucosa. These findings provide new evidence that the dysbiosis of mucosa-associated microbiota contributes to CD development, from a self-comparison perspective.