JUSTIFICATION FOR USING SYNTHESISED E-FUELS IN THE DIESEL ENGINES OF VEHICLES

Based on foreign sources, the article systematises and summarises the results of recent studies on the possibilities of using synthesised electronic fuels (e-fuels) in land transport for the gradual decarbonisation of the industry. The article focuses on liquid e-fuels for transport diesel engines. Diesel engines remain a relevant subject of research for Ukraine today, as they are used in vehicles not only for transporting goods, but also for the mobility of the defence sector and technological processes in food production. EU countries plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55 % by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, e-fuels have become a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in transport. Classic e-fuels are synthesized from CO2 captured from the air and renewable hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water. The energy for electrolysis comes from renewable sources of wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, or hydroelectric power. The main advantages of e-fuels are that they are produced from renewable energy sources and use existing fuel infrastructure with minimal changes. E-fuel production is not yet available on a large scale. Its use will gradually increase thanks to a phased increase in its concentration in blended fuels. At the same time, other similar carbon-neutral technologies will be introduced in transport. The first step towards carbon-neutral e-fuels is the introduction of paraffin fuels obtained from bio-raw materials using renewable energy sources. Such introduction in transport diesel engines ensures a reduction in CO2, soot and other harmful emissions. This is an intermediate stage until the mass production of purely synthetic paraffin e-fuels. The use of synthesised OMEx and DME e-esters in diesel engines as low-carbon fuels is possible in the short and medium term. This is the second step towards the spread of carbon-neutral e-fuels and technologies in transport. Before introducing such fuels, additional research is needed on their compatibility with diesel materials. Ukraine has an outdated fleet of vehicles that cannot be instantly replaced with new, more efficient ones. Research and development aimed at the phased introduction of carbon-neutral e-fuels in transport should minimise the harmful impact of existing motor vehicles on the environment.