State estimation and remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are utilized in a wide range of applications, including electrified vehicles, power grids, consumer electronics, storage systems, and more, due to their lifespan and energy density. Today, a key challenge is estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) to ensure mission reliability. Degradation models are central in this process and require consideration of mission profile, operation context, and physics of failure. Accurate assessment of state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC), together with reliable RUL estimation, is complex but essential. To date, numerous attempts have been made to address the challenges associated with enhanced SOH and SOC assessment and RUL estimation. However, the findings from these attempts need to be identified, categorized, and concluded to support the scientific communities and the industrial practitioners in identifying the gaps in the previous works and defining a research roadmap to bridge these gaps. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of existing work related to SOH and SOC assessment and RUL estimation and concludes with the challenges associated with SOH, SOC, and RUL.