Exploring the ethics of a One Health approach to harm reduction: A way forward for industrialized animal-sourced foods

Abstract Industrialized animal-sourced foods (IASFs) are well-documented for their benefits (nutritional, economic) and harms (health, environment, welfare, justice). How we should address harms and effect a favourable balance with IASF benefits requires both practical and normative analyses. To reduce the significant harms across human, non-human animal, and environmental aspects of IASFs, this commentary considers the ethical possibilities of a One Health approach to harm reduction. We examine what a One Health-informed harm reduction approach might include ethically, and what questions would need to be asked and answered to begin to address the multifaceted harms posed by perpetuating IASF industries. One Health impact statement The ethical debate considers the foundational ethics of a One Health approach to harm reduction, and what that ethic would look like in practice if applied to the complex issue of industrial animal-sourced foods. A One Health-oriented approach to harm reduction uniquely considers harms to health and well-being across the environment, human, non-human animal nexus. We outline the history of ethics in One Health and harm reduction, and consider how these ethical foundations might be intertwined in a One Health approach to harm reduction, particularly as applied to the case of IASF.