Evaluating data transmission performance of a UHF sensor for wireless temperature monitoring in mass concrete

Embedded wireless sensors for mass concrete temperature monitoring face challenges in operating at representative depths due to signal attenuation, particularly before the concrete sets. This study evaluates a novel ultra-high frequency (UHF) wireless sensor for real-time temperature monitoring in mass concrete. Five large-scale concrete cubes with various mix designs were cast to assess the operational capabilities of the sensors at depths of up to 500 mm from the external surface and at distances of up to 30 m from the receiving antenna. The sensors effectively operated at depths up to 500 mm and distances up to 20 m, outperforming conventional Bluetooth sensors. Data transmission improved as the concrete hardened, with minimal long-term data loss after setting. Concrete consistency within tested ranges did not significantly impact performance. These results confirm that UHF-based sensors are a viable solution for thermal monitoring in mass concrete, eliminating the need for external probes. • UHF-based sensors outperform Bluetooth for deep concrete temperature monitoring. • Signal loss peaks before concrete sets. • Concrete consistency does not significantly affect data transmission. • Sensors maintain reliable communication up to 20 m from receiving stations.